海边的贝壳

要深入了解问题，不孤独不行，吃玩乐只是凑热闹的活动，对自己没什么好处。要研究一个问题便要回到孤独，让书本围绕你，清静地想，从孤独中发掘光芒……

摘自中国先秦史网站

偷懒看《黑客帝国》，感觉三比二好看多了。但总的来说我还是不喜欢《黑客帝国》。我觉得这些片子思路混乱，没有太多的知识性，只是一种感官的刺激。相对其他的科幻片，我更喜欢的是《火星任务》这种有人情味的，不是特别暴力，科学性还特别强的片子。

Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre life than the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has been poorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is remarkable that we know so much of them as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial or wise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit is luxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to have subtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity, independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. The success of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men. But why do men degenerate ever? What makes families run out? What is the nature of the luxury which enervates and destroys nations? Are we sure that there is none of it in our own lives? The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of his life. He is not feed, sheltered, clothed, warmed, like his contemporaries. How can a man be a philosopher and not maintain his vital heat by better methods than other men?

大部分的奢侈品，大部分的所谓生活的舒适，非但没有必要，而且对人类进步大有妨碍。所以关于奢侈与舒适，最明智的人生活得甚至比穷人更加简单和朴素。中国、印度、波斯和希腊的古哲学家都是一个类型的人物，外表生活再穷没有，而内心生活再富不过。我们都不够理解他们。然而可惊的一点是，我们居然对于他们知道得不少呢。近代那些改革家，各民族的救星，也都如此。唯有站在我们所谓的甘贫乐苦这有利地位上，才能成为大公无私的聪明的观察者。无论在农业，商业，文学或艺术中，奢侈生活产生的果实都是奢侈的。近来是哲学教授满天飞，哲学家一个没有。然而教授是可羡的，因为教授的生活是可羡的。但是，要做一个哲学家的活，不但要有精美的思想，不但要建立起一个学派来，而且要这样地爱智慧，从而按照了智慧的指示，过着一种简单、独立、大度、信任的生活。解决生命的一些问题，不但要在理论上，而且要在实践中。大学问家和思想家的成功，通常不是帝王式的，也不是英豪式的，反而是朝臣式的成功。他们应付生活，往往求其与习俗相符合，像他们的父辈一般，所以一点不能成为更好的人类的始祖。可是，为什么人类总在退化？是什么使得那些家族没落的？使国家衰亡的糜侈是什么性质的呢？在我们的生活中，我们能否确定自己并未这样？哲学家甚至在生活的外形上也是处在时代前列的。他不像他同时代人那样地吃喝、居住、穿着、取暖。一个人既是哲学家，怎会没有比别人更好的养身的保持体温的方法呢？

生词：indispensable, hindrances, elevation, meagre, benefactors, vantage, dictates, magnanimity, progenitors, enervates.

注意：
with respect to
The ancient philosophers, ..., none so rich in inward. 一句翻译得好。中国、印度、波斯和希腊的古哲学家都是一个类型的人物，外表生活再穷没有，而内心生活再富不过。

The grand necessity, then, for our bodies, is to keep warm, to keep the vital heat in us. What pains we accordingly take, not only with our Food, and Clothing, and Shelter, but with our beds, which are our night-clothes, robbing the nests and breasts of birds to prepare this shelter within a shelter, as the mole has its bed of grass and leaves at the end of its burrow! The poor man is wont to complain that this is a cold world; and to cold, no less physical than social, we refer directly a great part of our ails. The summer, in some climates, makes possible to man a sort of Elysian life. Fuel, except to cook his Food, is then unnecessary; the sun is his fire, and many of the fruits are sufficiently cooked by its rays; while Food generally is more various, and more easily obtained, and Clothing and Shelter are wholly or half unnecessary. At the present day, and in this country, as I find by my own experience, a few implements, a knife, an axe, a spade, a wheelbarrow, etc., and for the studious, lamplight, stationery, and access to a few books, rank next to necessaries, and can all be obtained at a trifling cost. Yet some, not wise, go to the other side of the globe, to barbarous and unhealthy regions, and devote themselves to trade for ten or twenty years, in order that they may live—that is, keep comfortably warm—and die in New England at last. The luxuriously rich are not simply kept comfortably warm, but unnaturally hot; as I implied before, they are cooked, of course à la mode.

所以，对人体而言，最大的必需品是取暖，保持我们的养身的热量。我们是何等地辛苦，不但为了食物、衣着、住所，还为了我们的床铺——那些夜晚的衣服而辛苦着，从飞鸟巢里和飞鸟的胸脯上，我们掠夺羽毛，做成住所中的住所，就像鼹鼠住在地窟尽头草叶的床中一样！可怜人常常叫苦，说这是一个冰冷的世界；身体上的病同社会上的病一样，我们大都归罪于寒冷。在若干地区，夏天给人以乐园似的生活。在那里除了煮饭的燃料之外，别的燃料都不需要；太阳是他的火焰，太阳的光线煮熟了果实；大体说来，食物的种类既多，而且又容易到手，衣服和住宅是完全用不到的，或者说有一半是用不到的。在目前时代，在我们国内，根据我自己的经验，我觉得只要有少数工具就足够生活了，一把刀，一柄斧头，一把铲子，一辆手推车，如此而已，对于勤学的人，还要灯火和文具，再加上儿本书，这些已是次要的必需品，只要少数费用就能购得。然而有些人就太不聪明，跑到另一个半球上，跑到蛮荒的、不卫生的区域里，做了十年二十年生意，为了使他们活着，——就是说，为了使他们能舒适而温暖——，最后回到新英格兰来，还是死了。奢侈的人不单舒适了温暖了，而且热得不自然；我已经在前面说过，他们是被烘烤的，自然是很时髦地被烘烤的。

生词：accordingly, mole, burrow, wont, ail, Elysian, wholly, spade, wheelbarrow, studious.

注意：
What pains we accordingly take 中的accordingly
and to cold, ..., we refer directly ...中的 refer to
for the studious 中的 the adj. 形式

IEEE754背后的故事：

An Interview with the Old Man of Floating-Point

By the words, necessary of life, I mean whatever, of all that man obtains by his own exertions, has been from the first, or from long use has become, so important to human life that few, if any, whether from savageness, or poverty, or philosophy, ever attempt to do without it. To many creatures there is in this sense but one necessary of life, Food. To the bison of the prairie it is a few inches of palatable grass, with water to drink; unless he seeks the Shelter of the forest or the mountain's shadow. None of the brute creation requires more than Food and Shelter. The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success. Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it. We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature. By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin? Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, "to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting." So, we are told, the New Hollander  goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes. Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man? According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs. In cold weather we eat more, in warm less. The animal heat is the result of a slow combustion, and disease and death take place when this is too rapid; or for want of fuel, or from some defect in the draught, the fire goes out. Of course the vital heat is not to be confounded with fire; but so much for analogy. It appears, therefore, from the above list, that the expression, animal life, is nearly synonymous with the expression, animal heat; for while Food may be regarded as the Fuel which keeps up the fire within us — and Fuel serves only to prepare that Food or to increase the warmth of our bodies by addition from without — Shelter and Clothing also serve only to retain the heat thus generated and absorbed.

所谓生活必需品，在我的意思中，是指一切人用了自己的精力收获得来的那种物品：或是它开始就显得很重要，或是由于长久的习惯，因此对于人生具有了这样的重要性，即使有人尝试着不要它，其人数也是很少的，他们或者是由于野蛮，或是出于穷困，或者只是为了一种哲学的缘故，才这么做的。对于许多人，具有这样的意义的生活必需品只有一种，即食物。原野上的牛只需要几英寸长的可咀嚼的青草和一些冷水；除非加上了它们要寻求的森林或山荫的遮蔽。野兽的生存都只需要食物和荫蔽之处。但人类，在天时中，其生活之必需品可分为：食物、住宅、衣服和燃料；除非获有这些，我们是无法自由地面对真正的人生问题的，更无法展望成就了。人不仅发明了屋子，还发明了衣服，煮熟了食物；可能是偶然发现了火焰的热度，后来利用了它，起先它还是奢侈品哩，而到目前，烤火取暖也是必需品了。我们看到猫狗也同样地获得了这个第二天性。住得合适，穿得合适，就能合理地保持体内的热度，若住得和穿得太热的话，或烤火烤得太热时，外边的热度高于体内的热度，岂不是说在烘烤人肉了吗？自然科学家达尔文说起火地岛的居民，当他自己一伙人穿着衣服还烤火，尚且不觉得热，那时裸体的野蛮人站得很远，却使人看到了大为吃惊，他们“被火焰烘烤得竟然汗流浃背了”。同样，据说新荷兰人赤裸身体而泰然自若地跑来跑去，欧洲人穿了衣服还颤抖呢。这些野蛮人的坚强和文明人的睿智难道不能够相提并论吗？按照李比希的说法，人体是一只炉子，食物是保持肺部内燃的燃料。冷天我们吃得多，热天少。动物的体温是缓慢内燃的结果，而疾病和死亡则是在内燃得太旺盛的时候发生的；或者因为燃料没有了，或者因为通风装置出了毛病，火焰便会熄灭。自然，我们不能把生命的体温与火焰混为一谈，我们的譬喻就到此为止。所以，从上面的陈述来看，动物的生命这一个词语可以跟动物的体温作为同义语用：食物，被作为内燃的燃料，——煮熟食物的也是燃料，煮熟的食物自外吞入体内，也是为增加我们体内热量的，——此外，住所和衣服，也是为了保持这样地产生和吸收的热量的。

生词：exertion, bison, prairie, palatable, brute, legitimately, perspiration, roasting, impunity, combustion, draught.

注意：
for not till we have secured these 中的 for not till 和 secure 的动词用法。
Is it impossible to combine... 中combine译为相提并论。
draft(draught)一词有好些意思，其中还有通风的意思
and Fuel serves ... by addition from without 一句觉得徐迟译错了。

没有理解清楚：
第一句："By the words,..., ever attempt to do without it." 没有理解。

在网上搜集了一些领域语言的学术会议与资料，如下：

学术会议：

SIGPLAN Workshop on DSL 97:
 http://www-sal.cs.uiuc.edu/~kamin/dsl/
OOPSLA Workshop on DSVL 2001:
 http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/oopsla2k1/
OOPSLA Workshop on DSVL 2002:
 http://www.cis.uab.edu/info/OOPSLA-DSVL2/
OOPSLA Workshop on DSVL 2003:
 http://www.cis.uab.edu/info/GPCE-DSVL3/
USENIX Proceedings of the Conference on DSL 97:
 http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/dsl97/index.html
USENIX Proceedings of the Conference on DSL 99:
 http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/dsl99/index.html

专题网站：

DSL @ IRISA Compose project
 http://compose.labri.fr/documentation/dsl/
Series of seminars on DSL @ Halmstad Univ.
 http://www.hh.se/staff/vero/DSL/

Let us consider for a moment what most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or at least careful. It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or even to look over the old day-books of the merchants, to see what it was that men most commonly bought at the stores, what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man's existence; as our skeletons, probably, are not to be distinguished from those of our ancestors.

让我们思考一下，我前面所说的大多数人的忧虑和烦恼又是些什么，其中有多少是必须忧虑的，至少是值得小心对待的呢？虽然生活在外表的文明中，我们若能过一过原始性的、新开辟的垦区生活还是有益处的，即使仅仅为了明白生活必需品大致是些什么，及如何才能得到这些必需品，甚至翻一翻商店里的古老的流水账，看看商店里经常出售些什么，又存积哪些货物，就是看看最杂的杂货究竟是一些什么也好。时代虽在演进，对人类生存的基本原则却还没有发生多少影响：好比我们的骨骼，跟我们的祖先的骨骼，大约是区别不出来的。

生词：in the midst of, outward, frontier.

没有理解清楚：
in the midst of an outward civilization
It would be some advantage..., if only to learn...中的if
For the improvements...,as our skeletons...中的as

I think that we may safely trust a good deal more than we do. We may waive just so much care of ourselves as we honestly bestow elsewhere. Nature is as well adapted to our weakness as to our strength. The incessant anxiety and strain of some is a well-nigh incurable form of disease. We are made to exaggerate the importance of what work we do; and yet how much is not done by us! or, what if we had been taken sick? How vigilant we are! determined not to live by faith if we can avoid it; all the day long on the alert, at night we unwillingly say our prayers and commit ourselves to uncertainties. So thoroughly and sincerely are we compelled to live, reverencing our life, and denying the possibility of change. This is the only way, we say; but there are as many ways as there can be drawn radii from one centre. All change is a miracle to contemplate; but it is a miracle which is taking place every instant. Confucius said, "To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge." When one man has reduced a fact of the imagination to be a fact to his understanding, I foresee that all men at length establish their lives on that basis.

我想，我们可以泰然相信，比我们实际上相信的，更加多的事物。我们对自己的关怀能放弃多少，便可以忠实地给别人多少的关怀。大自然既能适应我们的长处，也能适应我们的弱点。有些人无穷无尽的忧患焦虑，成了一种几乎医治不好的疾病。我们又生就的爱夸耀我们所做工作的重要性；然而却有多少工作我们没有做！要是我们病倒了，怎么办呢？我们多么谨慎！决心不依照信仰而生活，我们尽可能避免它，从早到晚警戒着，到夜晚违心地析祷着，然后把自己交托给未定的运数。我们被迫生活得这样周到和认真，崇奉自己的生活，而否定变革的可能。我们说，只能这样子生活呵；可是从圆心可以画出多少条半径来，而生活方式就有这样的多。一切变革，都是值得思考的奇迹，每一刹那发生的事都可以是奇迹。孔夫子曾说：“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”当一个人把他想象的事实提炼为他的理论之时，我预见到，一切人最后都要在这样的基础上建筑起他们的生活来。

生词：waive, bestow, incessant, nigh, incurable, exaggerate, vigilant, compelled, reverence, radii, contemplate, foresee, at length.
注意：incurable & cure, at length.

没有理解清楚：
We may waive just so much care of ourselves as we honestly bestow elsewhere.
The incessant anxiety and strain of some...中的some
We are made to exaggerate...中的be made to

The greater part of what my neighbors call good I believe in my soul to be bad, and if I repent of anything, it is very likely to be my good behavior. What demon possessed me that I behaved so well? You may say the wisest thing you can, old man—you who have lived seventy years, not without honor of a kind—I hear an irresistible voice which invites me away from all that. One generation abandons the enterprises of another like stranded vessels.

凡我的邻人说是好的，有一大部分在我灵魂中却认为是坏的，至于我，如果要有所仟悔，我悔恨的反而是我的善良品行。是什么魔鬼攫住了我，使我品行这样善良的呢？老年人啊，你说了那些最聪明的话，你已经活了七十年了，而且活得很光荣，我却听到一个不可抗拒的声音，要求我不听你的话。新的世代抛弃前一代的业绩，好像它们是些搁浅的船。

生词：repent, demon, stranded.
注意：strand & stranded

看看各大BBS的红火，反思我自己使用网络的经验，可以发现网络的开放性扮演了重要的角色。开放意味着任何人都可以获取信息或者参与到互动中来。开放使得信息可以在这个没有界限的空间中迅速聚集和传播。比如各高校的BBS都已经成为了重要的信息集散地，影响到了学生的日常生活。

表面上看Google只不过使我们在亿万张网页中确定出有价值的网页，但从社会效果上看它使得相距遥远的人群（不只是物理上的遥远）建立了某种联系，而且这个过程是及其廉价的。比如头几天我为了撰写维基百科条目“胡适”在网上查找资料，很快我就发现了台湾的站点胡適紀念館和香港的蘇詠昌博士的站点，这就使我很快的了解到世界上正有一群人从事着相关的活动。实际上，我经常访问的站点都是通过Google查到的。

这里还有一点有趣的是超链接的社会作用，它可以使我们在网络这个空间内迅速、廉价地建立联系。这一点也有赖于网络的开放性。

在这个空间内信息流动不只是单向的获取，而是双向的互动。

We might try our lives by a thousand simple tests; as, for instance, that the same sun which ripens my beans illumines at once a system of earths like ours. If I had remembered this it would have prevented some mistakes. This was not the light in which I hoed them. The stars are the apexes of what wonderful triangles! What distant and different beings in the various mansions of the universe are contemplating the same one at the same moment! Nature and human life are as various as our several constitutions. Who shall say what prospect life offers to another? Could a greater miracle take place than for us to look through each other's eyes for an instant? We should live in all the ages of the world in an hour; ay, in all the worlds of the ages. History, Poetry, Mythology!—I know of no reading of another's experience so startling and informing as this would be.

我们可以用一千种简单的方法来测定我们的生命；举例以明之，这是同一个太阳，它使我种的豆子成熟，同时竟然照耀了像我们的地球之类的整个太阳系。如果我记住了这一点，那就能预防若干的错误。可是我锄草时并没有这样去想。星星是何等神奇的三角形的尖顶！字宙各处，有多少远远隔开的不同的物种在同时思考着同一事实啊！正如我们的各种体制一样，大自然和人生也是变化多端的。谁能预知别人的生命有着什么远景？难道还有比一瞬之间通过彼此的眼睛来观察更伟大的奇迹吗？我们本应该在一小时之内就经历了这人世的所有时代；是的，甚至经历了所有时代中所有的世界。历史、诗歌、神话！——我不知道读别人的经验还有什么能像读这些这样地惊人而又详尽的。

生词：ripen, illumine, hoe, apex, mansion, constitution, prospect, look through, informing.

注意：ripe & ripen, illuminate & illumine, as, for instance, that...

不足：没有理解 a system of earths like ours ，导致对原文不可索解。

没有理解句中的虚拟语气：
"Could a greater miracle take place than for us to look through each other's eyes for an instant?" 和 "We should live in all the ages of the world in an hour; ay, in all the worlds of the ages."

读科技类的文章多了，读这种文学性的文章总感到词不达意。

The whole ground of human life seems to some to have been gone over by their predecessors, both the heights and the valleys, and all things to have been cared for. According to Evelyn, "the wise Solomon prescribed ordinances for the very distances of trees; and the Roman praetors have decided how often you may go into your neighbor's land to gather the acorns which fall on it without trespass, and what share belongs to that neighbor." Hippocrates has even left directions how we should cut our nails; that is, even with the ends of the fingers, neither shorter nor longer. Undoubtedly the very tedium and ennui which presume to have exhausted the variety and the joys of life are as old as Adam. But man's capacities have never been measured; nor are we to judge of what he can do by any precedents, so little has been tried. Whatever have been thy failures hitherto, "be not afflicted, my child, for who shall assign to thee what thou hast left undone?"

有人以为人生的全部，无论在高峰之巅或低陷之谷，都已给先驱者走遍，一切都已被注意到了。依熙爱芙琳的话：“智慧的所罗门曾下令制定树木中间应有的距离；罗马地方官也曾规定，你可以多少次到邻家的地上去拣拾那落下来的橡实而不算你乱闯的，并曾规定多少份橡实属于邻人。”希波克拉底甚至传下了剪指甲的方法，剪得不要太短或太长，要齐手指头。无疑问的，认为把生命的变易和欢乐都消蚀殆尽的那种烦谦和忧闷，是跟亚当同样地古老的。但人的力量还从未被衡量出来呢；我们不能根据他已经完成的事来判断他的力量，人做得少极了。不论你以前如何失败过，“别感伤，我的孩子，谁能指定你去做你未曾做完的事呢？”

生词：prescribed, praetors, acorns, trespass, nails, tedium, ennui, presume, afflicted
注意：the very distances中very的用法

在网上搜了一些RSS阅读器，试验了一下发现许多不支持中文显示，无法阅读中文blog。支持中文的有：

• RSSReader  outlook式的外观，但界面比较简陋，也不支持频道的分组。
• FeedDemon outlook式的外观，支持频道的分组，界面比较友好。

我最终还是选择用 FeedDemon 。其实我觉得全部采用浏览器方式的AmphetaDesk更好一些，但可惜AmphetaDesk不支持中文。

RSS阅读器资源可以参照这里。

One farmer says to me, "You cannot live on vegetable food solely, for it furnishes nothing to make bones with"; and so he religiously devotes a part of his day to supplying his system with the raw material of bones; walking all the while he talks behind his oxen, which, with vegetable-made bones, jerk him and his lumbering plow along in spite of every obstacle. Some things are really necessaries of life in some circles, the most helpless and diseased, which in others are luxuries merely, and in others still are entirely unknown.

有一个农夫对我说：“光吃蔬菜是活不了的，蔬菜不能供给你骨骼所需要的养料；”这样他每天虔诚地分出了他的一部分时间，来获得那种可以供给他骨骼所需的养料；他一边说话，一边跟在耕牛后面走，让这条正是用蔬菜供养了它的骨骼的耕牛拖动着他和他的木犁不顾一切障碍地前进。某些事物，在某些场合，例如在最无办法的病人中间，确是生活的必需资料，却在另一些场合，只变成了奢侈品，再换了别样的场合，又可能是闻所未闻的东西。

生词：solely, religiously, jerk, lumbering, plow